{
  "abstract": "Some aspects of the disclosure provide a valve system that includes a valve made of brittle material, such as ceramic, graphite and the like. In some examples, the valve is made of one or more materials that remain a solid state in a temperature range of 1000° C. to 3000° C. The valve includes a valve housing with a cavity extending in a length direction of the valve. The valve housing includes a first port aligned with the cavity and a second port that is formed on a side of the cavity. The valve includes a plunger that is movable in the cavity of the valve housing and configured to control a fluid flow between the first port and the second port. Methods of forming the valve and operating the valve are also provided.",
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  "published_at": "2026-09-15T19:03:29.978848Z",
  "publisher": "Nebula Innovations Limited",
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  "source_date": "2026-04-14",
  "source_id": "US-12601406-B2",
  "source_name": "the United States Patent and Trademark Office",
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  "title": "Brittle material valves",
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