{
  "abstract": "The application discloses a method of liquid cold welding (LCW) including: (a) engaging two or more porous conductive substrate layers between perforated non-conductive frames so that the substrate layers contact one another; (b) immersing the substrate layers in an electrolyte solution; and (c) applying electric current and/or voltage and/or electric power to the electrolyte solution. Apparatus suitable for performance of some embodiments of the method are also disclosed.",
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  "source_date": "2026-04-14",
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  "title": "Liquid cold welding methods and apparatus",
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