OPENTECHNICAL PUBLICATION OT-2026-000002860 Passivity framework for improving stability in robot-human interactions Published: 2026-09-15T19:15:49.403240Z Permanent URL: https://opentechnical.org/p/OT-2026-000002860 Categories: Robotics & Automation > Robot Architectures ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABSTRACT Systems and methods for passive robot-mediated physical human-human interaction using hierarchical constraints. The system enforces constraints on both sides of a bilateral physical interaction with different priorities on each side in the presence of time-varying destabilizing factors such as control system limitations, human variability, hard contacts, relaxed user grasps, stiff control settings, and/or communication delays. A hierarchical optimization framework is provided to satisfy these constraints. A back-up passivity control may also be included to ensure optimization at both sides. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ OpenTechnical publication OT-2026-000002860 Published 2026-09-15T19:15:49.403240Z https://opentechnical.org/p/OT-2026-000002860