Abstract
An apparatus comprising: an input unit to receive production-related data of the production system; a mapping engine to map the production-related data to instance data of a first knowledge graph according to a given mapping definition; a first validation unit to validate a consistency and/or an integrity of the instance data using declarative constraints and to output a first validation result; a simulator to generate a computer-implemented material flow simulation model of the production system based on the instance data and depending on the first validation result; a generator to generate simulated production logs using the material flow simulation model; a second validation unit to validate the simulated production logs against measured production logs of the production system and to output a second validation result; and an output unit to output the second validation result for monitoring the operability of the production system.