Abstract
An end effector for vacuum end-of-arm tooling for robotic material handling is described. The tool comprises a mounting flange (10), a suction cup (12), a plant vacuum connection (14), a isolation valve (16), a zone branch (18). The arrangement addresses choosing where the vacuum comes from, where an ejector spends compressed air continuously while a pump adds mass at the tool and a plant line couples every tool on the site together. The description covers which source feeds the circuit, what it needs in turn, and what that choice fixes about the rest of the tool. Every connection is stated with the medium it carries, and the operating sequence is given as conditions on named operations.
1. Technical Field
[0001]This disclosure relates to vacuum end-of-arm tooling for robotic material handling. It concerns the arrangement of a gripping interface, the supply that feeds it, the distribution and control between them, and the sequence in which those parts act on a workpiece. FIG. 1 shows the arrangement as a block diagram with the reference numerals used throughout this description.
2. Technical Context
[0002]The arrangement addresses choosing where the vacuum comes from. The difficulty is that an ejector spends compressed air continuously while a pump adds mass at the tool and a plant line couples every tool on the site together. A tool that does not address it is still usable on a narrow range of workpieces, and the cost appears as cycle time, dropped parts or air consumption rather than as an outright failure. What follows covers which source feeds the circuit, what it needs in turn, and what that choice fixes about the rest of the tool.
3. System Overview
[0003]The tool comprises the mounting flange (10), the suction cup (12), the plant vacuum connection (14), the isolation valve (16), the zone branch (18). FIG. 1 shows how these blocks are connected and which medium each connection carries. The blocks are not interchangeable by name: a connection is made only where one block offers a medium that another needs, and each connection below is stated together with the medium it carries.
[0004]FIG. 2 shows elevation of the gripping face on its mounting.
[0005]
- The mounting flange is bolted to the robot flange (10).
[0006]
- Each suction cup is connected to the vacuum supply of the cell by a vacuum line, so that the cup face is evacuated through that line (12).
[0007]
- Each suction cup is mounted on the mounting flange (12).
[0008]
- The isolation valve is placed in the line from the vacuum supply of the cell, so that closing the valve cuts that line and leaves the rest of the circuit under vacuum (16).
[0009]
- The valve is switched by the controller of the cell (16).
[0010]
- Each zone branch is taken from the vacuum supply of the cell, so that the branch carries the vacuum of its own zone only (18).
4. Components
[0011]Mounting Flange (10). The mounting flange (10) is provided once in this arrangement. The flange carries the whole assembly and presents the bolt pattern that meets the robot.
[0012]Suction Cup (12). The suction cup (12) is provided once in this arrangement. Each cup presents a sealing lip to the workpiece and is evacuated through its own connection. The cups are of the oval form. The cups are made of polyurethane.
[0013]Plant Vacuum Connection (14). The plant vacuum connection (14) is provided once in this arrangement. The connection takes vacuum from the plant line, so the tool carries no generator of its own.
[0014]Isolation Valve (16). The isolation valve (16) is provided once in this arrangement. The valve sits in the line it controls, so closing it cuts that line without disturbing the rest of the circuit. An isolation valve is provided per zone. The isolation valve (16) is configured with material steel.
[0015]Zone Branch (18). The tool carries 1 zone branches. Each branch feeds one zone of the face, so the zones can be treated separately. The zone branch (18) is configured with material plastic. The face is divided into 4 zones.
5. Operation
[0016]The operating sequence is given as conditions on named operations. Each condition names the event it depends on and the operation it governs, so the order of events is explicit rather than implied by the order of the sentences. FIG. 2 shows the gripping face referred to in these steps. The tool is presented to the workpiece square to the face, and the numbered operations below are what the arrangement does from that point.
[0017]
- When the suction cups seal the workpiece, the suction cups are evacuated by the vacuum supply of the cell.
[0018]
- While the isolation valve is in the closed state, its own vacuum is held by the isolated zone.
[0019]
- The vacuum is maintained by the remaining zones unless their own valves are in the closed state.
[0020]An operation whose condition is not met does not run. A condition that is stated with UNLESS holds except while its event is true, and one stated with UNTIL ends the operation at the moment its event becomes true. With the workpiece released, the tool returns to the pick position and the cycle repeats.
6. Example Embodiments
[0021]In one embodiment the gripping face carries 1 suction cups on a common mounting, fed as shown in FIG. 1, and the tool is presented to the workpiece square to the face. In a second embodiment the same face is arranged in two rows so that a long workpiece is supported at both ends, with the connections of FIG. 1 unchanged. In a third embodiment the face is built at half the pitch and the number of suction cups is doubled for the same envelope, which suits a workpiece that is lighter but less rigid.
[0022]In a further embodiment the zones are sized so that the smallest workpiece in the range covers one whole zone, so that no partly covered zone has to be held under vacuum at any point in the cycle.
7. Alternative Configurations
[0023]The gripping face may instead use a flat cup, which is stiffer laterally but needs the face and the workpiece to meet squarely. The gripping face may instead use an array of discrete cups, which concentrates the holding force at the lips and needs a sealing surface. A gripping face of this kind may also be replaced by fingers closing on the workpiece, which removes the air circuit entirely and requires access to two opposed surfaces of the workpiece. The plant connection may be replaced by an ejector or a pump carried on the tool, which decouples the tool from the site supply at the cost of mass or of continuous air consumption. The isolation valve may be provided once for the whole circuit rather than per zone, which is simpler and gives up the ability to hold vacuum on a covered zone while another is open.
8. Parameter Variations
[0024]Each parameter below is stated with what it changes in the arrangement. The form of the suction cup is oval in the arrangement described; varying it changes the contact area and the behaviour of the lip on a curved workpiece. The material of the suction cup is polyurethane in the arrangement described; varying it changes the friction at the lip and the tolerance of the face to oil and heat. The control of the isolation valve is per zone in the arrangement described; varying it changes whether one zone can be cut on its own or only the whole circuit. The zones of the zone branch is 4 in the arrangement described; varying it changes how much of the face can be isolated at once and how small a workpiece the tool can still hold.
9. Additional Implementations
[0025]A pressure sensor may be tapped into the circuit so that the state of the grip is observable, and the motion that follows the grip may be made conditional on the level it reports. A contact detector may be placed at the face so that evacuation starts only once the workpiece is present, which keeps the circuit closed during the approach. The whole assembly may be carried on a tool-change interface so that it can be exchanged between jobs without dismantling the tool. A separating element may be added so that a workpiece which follows the face upwards after release is pushed off positively. The arrangement may be duplicated on one mounting so that two workpieces are handled in one cycle, with the distribution fed from a common inlet and each face controlled on its own.
10. Provenance and method
[0026]This document is an original combination composed from a typed library of mechanism blocks. Each block was derived from the published patent literature and carries typed connection points, the parameters its source states, and its own construction and operating description. The combination described here is proposed rather than taken from any one source, and it is not asserted to have been constructed. The published documents behind the blocks used in this arrangement are US-10163334-B1, US-10259123-B2, US-10549431-B2, US-2016214812-A1, WO-2026020244-A1. Their text is not reproduced here; the description above is generated from the structure of the combination.
11. Figures
